Tinniccii

通过spring boot和websocket打造简易的聊天室

By Tinco Chan in

我自己的工作很少用到websocket这项技术，不过想到以后数据的实时更新运用websocket必不可少，还是试试。

websocket的配置

首先需要建立一个配置类，配置websocket的endpoint（可以理解成访问入口）和message broker（消息分发）。

package com.example.websocketdemo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.*;

/**
 * Created by Tinco CHAN on 08/04/20.
 */
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker       //enable our WebSocket server
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

    @Override
    //.withSockJS(): enable fallback options for browsers that don’t support websocket
    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSockJS();
    }

    @Override
    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {
        registry.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
        registry.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");   // Enables a simple in-memory broker


        //   Use this for enabling a Full featured broker like RabbitMQ

        /*
        registry.enableStompBrokerRelay("/topic")
                .setRelayHost("localhost")
                .setRelayPort(61613)
                .setClientLogin("guest")
                .setClientPasscode("guest");
        */
    }
}

这里有几个要点：

其中@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker用于配置启动websocket服务端，这里需要继承WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer接口进行配置。

在endpoint的配置这里用到了withSockJS()，主要是面对一些或许不支持websocket的浏览器时（几乎不存在），sockJS能够产生回调函数。

STOMP：Simple (or Streaming) Text Orientated Messaging Protocol，简单(流)文本定向消息协议，它提供了一个可互操作的连接格式，允许STOMP客户端与任意STOMP消息代理（Broker）进行交互。这里我们使用STOMP协议的相关方法处理消费服务。

接下来就是涉及消息的发送和接收：以/app为前缀的地址为消息处理站，/topic则为消息分发站，发送给各个订阅者。

当然，对于处理消费服务的需要，可以用RabbitMQ之类的框架。

建一个聊天bean类

没什么好说的，定义消息内容的model。

package com.example.websocketdemo.model;

public class ChatMessage {
    private MessageType type;
    private String content;
    private String sender;

    public enum MessageType {
        CHAT,
        JOIN,
        LEAVE
    }

    public MessageType getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(MessageType type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getSender() {
        return sender;
    }

    public void setSender(String sender) {
        this.sender = sender;
    }
}

建立消息发收的controller

package com.example.websocketdemo.controller;

import com.example.websocketdemo.model.ChatMessage;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessageHeaderAccessor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class ChatController {

    @MessageMapping("/chat.sendMessage")
    @SendTo("/topic/public")
    public ChatMessage sendMessage(@Payload ChatMessage chatMessage) {
        return chatMessage;
    }

    @MessageMapping("/chat.addUser")
    @SendTo("/topic/public")
    public ChatMessage addUser(@Payload ChatMessage chatMessage, 
                               SimpMessageHeaderAccessor headerAccessor) {
        // Add username in web socket session
        headerAccessor.getSessionAttributes().put("username", chatMessage.getSender());
        return chatMessage;
    }

}

前面我们定义了消息处理站地址有个前缀时/app，而@MessageMapping注解则定义了具体的地址：当消息处理的地址为/app/chat.sendMessage，对应方法sendMessage；而地址为/app/chat.addUser，则对应方法@addUser。

Websocket事件的监听

用来监听客户端连接或者断开等事件状态吧：

package com.example.websocketdemo.controller;

import com.example.websocketdemo.model.ChatMessage;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessageSendingOperations;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompHeaderAccessor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.socket.messaging.SessionConnectedEvent;
import org.springframework.web.socket.messaging.SessionDisconnectEvent;

@Component
public class WebSocketEventListener {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebSocketEventListener.class);

    @Autowired
    private SimpMessageSendingOperations messagingTemplate;

    @EventListener
    public void handleWebSocketConnectListener(SessionConnectedEvent event) {
        logger.info("Received a new web socket connection");
    }

    @EventListener
    public void handleWebSocketDisconnectListener(SessionDisconnectEvent event) {
        StompHeaderAccessor headerAccessor = StompHeaderAccessor.wrap(event.getMessage());

        String username = (String) headerAccessor.getSessionAttributes().get("username");
        if(username != null) {
            logger.info("User Disconnected : " + username);

            ChatMessage chatMessage = new ChatMessage();
            chatMessage.setType(ChatMessage.MessageType.LEAVE);
            chatMessage.setSender(username);

            messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/public", chatMessage);
        }
    }
}

在chatController类的addUser中我们已经定义了不同的用户加入会话（session）连接所产生的事件，这里就不需要了定义了。我们这里需要从当前连接的会话中把新加入用户名和离开会话的用户名拧出来，然后把新加入和离开的信息通知大家。

前端部分

首先是html，这里说一个SockJS。前面也提到了， 有一些浏览器中缺少对WebSocket的支持，而SockJS是一个浏览器的JavaScript库，它提供了一个类似于网络的对象，SockJS提供了一个连贯的，跨浏览器的JavaScriptAPI，它在浏览器和Web服务器之间创建了一个低延迟、全双工、跨域通信通道。SockJS的一大好处在于提供了浏览器兼容性。即优先使用原生WebSocket，如果浏览器不支持WebSocket，会自动降为轮询的方式。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
      <title>Spring Boot WebSocket Chat Application | Tinco Chan</title>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <noscript>
      <h2>Sorry! Your browser doesn't support Javascript</h2>
    </noscript>

    <div id="username-page">
        <div class="username-page-container">
            <h1 class="title">Type your username</h1>
            <form id="usernameForm" name="usernameForm">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" id="name" placeholder="Username" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" />
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <button type="submit" class="accent username-submit">Start Chatting</button>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div id="chat-page" class="hidden">
        <div class="chat-container">
            <div class="chat-header">
                <h2>Spring WebSocket Chat Demo</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="connecting">
                Connecting...
            </div>
            <ul id="messageArea">

            </ul>
            <form id="messageForm" name="messageForm" nameForm="messageForm">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="input-group clearfix">
                        <input type="text" id="message" placeholder="Type a message..." autocomplete="off" class="form-control"/>
                        <button type="submit" class="primary">Send</button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>

    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/sockjs-client/1.1.4/sockjs.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/stomp.js/2.3.3/stomp.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/js/main.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

然后是JS函数：

'use strict';

var usernamePage = document.querySelector('#username-page');
var chatPage = document.querySelector('#chat-page');
var usernameForm = document.querySelector('#usernameForm');
var messageForm = document.querySelector('#messageForm');
var messageInput = document.querySelector('#message');
var messageArea = document.querySelector('#messageArea');
var connectingElement = document.querySelector('.connecting');

var stompClient = null;
var username = null;

var colors = [
    '#2196F3', '#32c787', '#00BCD4', '#ff5652',
    '#ffc107', '#ff85af', '#FF9800', '#39bbb0'
];

function connect(event) {
    username = document.querySelector('#name').value.trim();

    if(username) {
        usernamePage.classList.add('hidden');
        chatPage.classList.remove('hidden');

        var socket = new SockJS('/ws');
        stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);

        stompClient.connect({}, onConnected, onError);
    }
    event.preventDefault();
}


function onConnected() {
    // Subscribe to the Public Topic
    stompClient.subscribe('/topic/public', onMessageReceived);

    // Tell your username to the server
    stompClient.send("/app/chat.addUser",
        {},
        JSON.stringify({sender: username, type: 'JOIN'})
    )

    connectingElement.classList.add('hidden');
}


function onError(error) {
    connectingElement.textContent = 'Could not connect to WebSocket server. Please refresh this page to try again!';
    connectingElement.style.color = 'red';
}


function sendMessage(event) {
    var messageContent = messageInput.value.trim();
    if(messageContent && stompClient) {
        var chatMessage = {
            sender: username,
            content: messageInput.value,
            type: 'CHAT'
        };
        stompClient.send("/app/chat.sendMessage", {}, JSON.stringify(chatMessage));
        messageInput.value = '';
    }
    event.preventDefault();
}


function onMessageReceived(payload) {
    var message = JSON.parse(payload.body);

    var messageElement = document.createElement('li');

    if(message.type === 'JOIN') {
        messageElement.classList.add('event-message');
        message.content = message.sender + ' joined!';
    } else if (message.type === 'LEAVE') {
        messageElement.classList.add('event-message');
        message.content = message.sender + ' left!';
    } else {
        messageElement.classList.add('chat-message');

        var avatarElement = document.createElement('i');
        var avatarText = document.createTextNode(message.sender[0]);
        avatarElement.appendChild(avatarText);
        avatarElement.style['background-color'] = getAvatarColor(message.sender);

        messageElement.appendChild(avatarElement);

        var usernameElement = document.createElement('span');
        var usernameText = document.createTextNode(message.sender);
        usernameElement.appendChild(usernameText);
        messageElement.appendChild(usernameElement);
    }

    var textElement = document.createElement('p');
    var messageText = document.createTextNode(message.content);
    textElement.appendChild(messageText);

    messageElement.appendChild(textElement);

    messageArea.appendChild(messageElement);
    messageArea.scrollTop = messageArea.scrollHeight;
}


function getAvatarColor(messageSender) {
    var hash = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < messageSender.length; i++) {
        hash = 31 * hash + messageSender.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    var index = Math.abs(hash % colors.length);
    return colors[index];
}

usernameForm.addEventListener('submit', connect, true)
messageForm.addEventListener('submit', sendMessage, true)

前端作为客户端通过connect方法连接到websocket客户端/ws后端地址。

当成功连接之后，也就是在onConnect方法中，客户端从消息分发中心/topic/public，通过后端接口/app/chat.addUser向客户端发送自己的用户名信息。当客户端消息发送出去之后，不管是否成功到达了服务端的手上，stompClient.subscribe()方法在前端会监听这个过程产生一个回调函数。

* {
    -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
    -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html,body {
    height: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
}

body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.58;
    color: #333;
    background-color: #f4f4f4;
    height: 100%;
}

body:before {
    height: 50%;
    width: 100%;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    background: #128ff2;
    content: "";
    z-index: 0;
}

.clearfix:after {
    display: block;
    content: "";
    clear: both;
}

.hidden {
    display: none;
}

.form-control {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 38px;
    font-size: 15px;
    border: 1px solid #c8c8c8;
}

.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

input {
    padding-left: 10px;
    outline: none;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    margin-top: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

h1 {
    font-size: 1.7em;
}

a {
    color: #128ff2;
}

button {
    box-shadow: none;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    font-size: 14px;
    outline: none;
    line-height: 100%;
    white-space: nowrap;
    vertical-align: middle;
    padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 2px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    cursor: pointer;
    min-height: 38px;
}

button.default {
    background-color: #e8e8e8;
    color: #333;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

button.primary {
    background-color: #128ff2;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    color: #fff;
}

button.accent {
    background-color: #ff4743;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    color: #fff;
}

#username-page {
    text-align: center;
}

.username-page-container {
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 11px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27);
    border-radius: 2px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 500px;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 42px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    position: relative;
    padding: 35px 55px 35px;
    min-height: 250px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    margin: 0 auto;
    margin-top: -160px;
}

.username-page-container .username-submit {
    margin-top: 10px;
}


#chat-page {
    position: relative;
    height: 100%;
}

.chat-container {
    max-width: 700px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    background-color: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 11px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27);
    margin-top: 30px;
    height: calc(100% - 60px);
    max-height: 600px;
    position: relative;
}

#chat-page ul {
    list-style-type: none;
    background-color: #FFF;
    margin: 0;
    overflow: auto;
    overflow-y: scroll;
    padding: 0 20px 0px 20px;
    height: calc(100% - 150px);
}

#chat-page #messageForm {
    padding: 20px;
}

#chat-page ul li {
    line-height: 1.5rem;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    margin: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f4f4f4;
}

#chat-page ul li p {
    margin: 0;
}

#chat-page .event-message {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    clear: both;
}

#chat-page .event-message p {
    color: #777;
    font-size: 14px;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

#chat-page .chat-message {
    padding-left: 68px;
    position: relative;
}

#chat-page .chat-message i {
    position: absolute;
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    overflow: hidden;
    left: 10px;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 42px;
    color: #fff;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-style: normal;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

#chat-page .chat-message span {
    color: #333;
    font-weight: 600;
}

#chat-page .chat-message p {
    color: #43464b;
}

#messageForm .input-group input {
    float: left;
    width: calc(100% - 85px);
}

#messageForm .input-group button {
    float: left;
    width: 80px;
    height: 38px;
    margin-left: 5px;
}

.chat-header {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 15px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ececec;
}

.chat-header h2 {
    margin: 0;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.connecting {
    padding-top: 5px;
    text-align: center;
    color: #777;
    position: absolute;
    top: 65px;
    width: 100%;
}


@media screen and (max-width: 730px) {

    .chat-container {
        margin-left: 10px;
        margin-right: 10px;
        margin-top: 10px;
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
    .chat-container {
        height: calc(100% - 30px);
    }

    .username-page-container {
        width: auto;
        margin-left: 15px;
        margin-right: 15px;
        padding: 25px;
    }

    #chat-page ul {
        height: calc(100% - 120px);
    }

    #messageForm .input-group button {
        width: 65px;
    }

    #messageForm .input-group input {
        width: calc(100% - 70px);
    }

    .chat-header {
        padding: 10px;
    }

    .connecting {
        top: 60px;
    }

    .chat-header h2 {
        font-size: 1.1em;
    }
}

接下来就是运行了。源代码部分在我的github里面。

值得一提的部分

我在用vue（node.js环境）写websocket的并不能直接使用html5原生的websocket方法，我不知道为什么也有可能是我哪里搞错了，正常来说静态网页搭建的话肯定是可以的。而ws依赖包只能用于node.js环境并不能直接用于浏览器客户端，这里需要安装 isomorphic-ws。

总之就是不知道为什么会有这么奇怪的地方，我的理解是node.js本身还是服务端，并不完全是客户端。

当然node.js环境下安装 sockjs-client 和 stompjs也是可以的。